A Study of Multiple Sclerosis: A Bibliography by Alex Dunedin

The entire study took three years to write up and was an extensive literature review of the nature and knowledge of Multiple Sclerosis. As an applied science project it ran alongside a study in the philosophy of science, an enquiry into what scientific knowledge is and how we know what we think we have come to know.

Table of Contents

Reference 1:

The pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis: the mechanisms underlying
the production of symptoms and the natural history of the disease
Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society
Issue: Volume 354, Number 1390/October 29, 1999
Pages: 1649-1673
DOI: 10. 1098/rstb. 1999. 0510
Authors: K. J. Smith, W. I. McDonald

Reference 2:

Glutamate excitotoxicity in a model of multiple sclerosis
Nature Medicine 6, 67 – 70 (2000)
David Pitt [2, 5], Peter Werner [1, 3, 5] & Cedric S. Raine1[2, 4]
1: Department of Neurology, F-121N, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,
1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
2: Department of Pathology, F-121N, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,
1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
3: Dept. of Neurology, Beth Israel Medical Center, 10 Union Square East,
New York, New York 10003, USA
4: Department of Neuroscience, F-121N, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,
1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
5: D. P and P. W. contributed equally to this study.
Correspondence addressed to Peter Werner pwerner@aecom. yu. edu.
DOI:10. 1038/71555

Reference 3:

Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: Definition, Pathophysiology and Treatment.
Therapy In Practice
CNS Drugs. 17(4):225-234, 2003.
Krupp, Lauren B
Publisher: Adis International

Reference 4:

The Evolution of Multiple Sclerosis
Natural history of multiple sclerosis
Dr Brian G. Weinshenker, MD
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Correspondence to Brian G. Weinshenker, Department of Neurology,
Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905
Weinshenker, B. G. (1994), Natural history of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol., 36: S6–S11. doi: 10.1002/ana.410360704

Reference 5:

Cognitive Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis:
Natural History, Pathophysiology and Management.
Therapy In Practice
CNS Drugs. 16(7):445-455, 2002.
Bagert, Bridget; Camplair, Patricia ; Bourdette, Dennis
Copyright 2002 Adis International

Reference 6:

Are Astrocytes Central Players in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis ?
Jacques De Keyser, MD; Esther Zeinstra, MD; Elliot Frohman, MD
Arch Neurol. 2003;60:132-136.
From the Departments of Neurology, Academisch Ziekenhuis Groningen,
Groningen, the Netherlands (Drs De Keyser and Zeinstra),
and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas (Dr Frohman).

Reference 7:

Cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis
Brain, Vol. 122, No. 1, 17-26, January 1999
© 1999 Oxford University Press
D. Kidd1, F. Barkhof [2], R. McConnell[3], P. R. Algra [2], i.v. Allen [3] and T. Revesz [1]
1 The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK,
2 Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital of the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
3 Neuropathology Department, the Queen’s University of Belfast, Northern Ireland
Correspondence to: Dr Tamas Revesz, Neuropathology Department, Institute of Neurology,
Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK

Reference 8:

Inflammation in multiple sclerosis: the good, the bad, and the complex.
Martino G, Adorini L, Rieckmann P, Hillert J, Kallmann B, Comi G, Filippi M.
Department of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. g. martino@hsr. it
Lancet Neurol. 2002 Dec;1(8):499-509.

Reference 9:

Multiple sclerosis is associated with alterations in hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis function
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol 79, 848-853,
Copyright © 1994 by Endocrine Society
D Michelson, L Stone, E Galliven, MA Magiakou, GP Chrousos, EM Sternberg and PW Gold
Clinical Neuroendocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892

Reference 10:

Differential matrix metalloproteinase expression in cases of multiple sclerosis and stroke
Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology
Volume 23 Issue 5 Page 406 – October 1997
D. C Anthony, B Ferguson, M. K Matyzak, K. M Miller, M. M Esiri, V. H Perry (1997)
Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 23 (5), 406–415.
DOI:10. 1046/j. 1365-2990. 1997. 00066. x

Reference 11:

Differential matrix metalloproteinase expression in cases of multiple sclerosis and stroke
Neuropathology & Applied Neurobiology, Volume 23, Number 5, October 1997 , pp. 406-415(10)
Authors: Anthony, D. C. [1]; Ferguson, B. [1]; Matyzak, M. K. [1]; Miller, K. M. [2]; Esiri, M. M. [3]; Perry, V. H. [1]
1 The CNS Inflammation Group, Department of Pharmacology,University of Oxford, Oxford,
2 British Biotech Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Oxford and ,
3 Departments of Neuropathology and Clinical Neurology, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK
Correspondence to: Daniel C. Anthony; CNS Inflammation Group,
Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
Blackwell Publishing

Reference 12:

Multiple sclerosis: Science in Medicine
David A. Hafler
J. Clin. Invest. 113:788-794 (2004).
DOI: 10. 1172/JCI200421357.
Copyright ©2004 by the American Society for Clinical Investigation
Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. The Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Address correspondence to: David A. Hafler, Jack, Sadie and David Breakstone Professor of Neurology (Neuroscience), NRB, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Phone: (617) 525-5330; Fax: (617) 525-5333; E-mail: dhafler@rics. bwh. harvard. edu.

Reference 13:

Multiple sclerosis: Altered glutamate homeostasis in lesions correlates
with oligodendrocyte and axonal damage
Peter Werner, PhD [1, 2, 4], David Pitt, MD[ 2], Cedric S. Raine, PhD [1, 2, 3]
1 Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
2 Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
3 Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
4 Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY
email: Peter Werner (pwerner@aecom. yu. edu) *Correspondence to Peter Werner, Depts. of Neurology and Pathology (Neuropathology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., F-121N Bronx, NY 10461
Funded by:National Multiple Sclerosis Society; Grant Number: PP 0693, RG 1001-J-10

Reference 14:

Cerebrospinal fluid isoprostane shows oxidative stress in patients with multiple sclerosis
A. Greco, DSc, L. Minghetti, PhD, G. Sette, MD, C. Fieschi, MD and G. Levi, MD
Neurology 1999;53:1876
© 1999 American Academy of Neurology
From the Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità
(Drs. Greco, Minghetti, and Levi);
and the Department of Neurological Sciences (Drs. Sette and Fieschi),
University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. G. Levi, Laboratory of Pathophysiology,
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.

Reference 15:

The role of nitric oxide in multiple sclerosis
Journal of Molecular Medicine, Volume 75, Number 3 / March, 1997
John F. Parkinson, Branislava Mitrovic, J. E. Merrill
Department of Immunology, Berlex Biosciences, 15049 San Pablo Avenue,
Richmond, CA 94804-0099, USA
Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
ISSN: 0946-2716 (Print) 1432-1440 (Online)
DOI: 10. 1007/s001090050102
Pages: 174-186

Reference 16:

Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, Vol 216, 21-27,
Copyright © 1997 by Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
Minireviews: Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis
CE Hayes, MT Cantorna and HF DeLuca
Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706, USA.

Reference 17:

Decreased levels of the brain specific 24S-hydroxycholesterol and
cholesterol precursors in serum of multiple sclerosis patients.
Neurosci Lett. 2003 Aug 28;347(3):159-62.
Teunissen CE, Dijkstra CD, Polman CH, Hoogervorst EL, von Bergmann K, Lütjohann D.
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center,
FdG, P. O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam,
The Netherlands. c. teunissen. cell@med. vu. nl

Reference 18:

Nitric oxide-mediated neuronal injury in multiple sclerosis.
Med Hypotheses. 1992 Oct;39(2):143-6.
Sherman MP, Griscavage JM, Ignarro LJ.
Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Medical Center 90024-1752.

Reference 19:

Mechanisms of action of interferons and glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis
Suhayl Dhib-Jalbut, MD
Neurology 2002;58:S3-S9
© 2002 American Academy of Neurology
Neurology supplements are not peer-reviewed. Information contained in Neurology supplements represent the opinions of the authors and are not endorsed by nor do they reflect the views of the American Academy of Neurology, Editor-in-Chief, or Associate Editors of Neurology.

Reference 20:

Circulating, soluble adhesion proteins in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of
patients with multiple sclerosis: Correlation with clinical activity
Annals of Neurology
Volume 37, Issue 1 , Pages 55 – 62
Published Online: 8 Oct 2004
Copyright © 1995 American Neurological Association
Dr. Paula Dore-Duffy, PhD [1], Walter Newman, PhD [2], Roumen Balabanov, MD [1], Robert P. Lisak, MD [1], Elizabeth Mainolfi, BS [3], Robert Rothlein, PhD [3], Margaret Peterson, PhD [4]
1: Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology,
Division of Neuroimmunology, Detroit, MI
2: Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc, Rockville, MD
3: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT
4: The Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
Correspondence to Paula Dore-Duffy, Wayne State University School of Medicine,
Department of Neurology, 421 E. Canfield Ave, 3124 Elliman, Detroit, MI 48201
Received: 29 November 1993; Revised: 24 June 1994; Accepted: 29 June 1994

Reference 21:

Neurology 2001;56:1319-1324
© 2001 American Academy of Neurology
Elevated plasma endothelial microparticles in multiple sclerosis
A. Minagar, MD;, W. Jy, PhD;, J. J. Jimenez, MD;, W. A. Sheremata, MD;, L. M. Mauro, BS;
W. W. Mao, BS;, L. L. Horstman, MS; and Y. S. Ahn, MD;
From the Department of Neurology (Drs. Minagar and Sheremata), University of Miami; and the Department of Medicine (Drs. Jy, Jimenez, and Ahn, and L. Mauro, W. Mao, and L. Horstmann), Wallace H. Coulter Platelet Laboratory, University of Miami, FL.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Wenche Jy, University of Miami, School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Mail Code R-36A, Miami, FL 33136; e-mail: wenche_jy@yahoo. com

Reference 22:

Neurology 1999;53:1628
© 1999 American Academy of Neurology
Astrocytes in multiple sclerosis lack beta-2 adrenergic receptors
Jacques De Keyser, MD, PhD, Nadine Wilczak, BS, Raymond Leta, MS and Cerien Streetland, PhD
From the Department of Neurology, Academisch Ziekenhuis Groningen, the Netherlands.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. J. De Keyser, Department of Neurology, Academisch Ziekenhuis Groningen, PO Box 30. 001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.

Reference 23:

Annals of Neurology
Volume 37, Issue 1 , Pages 63 – 66
Published Online: 8 Oct 2004
Copyright © 1995 American Neurological Association
Elevated mast cell tryptase in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients
J. J. Rozniecki [1], S. L. Hauser [2], M. Stein [3], R. Lincoln [2], Dr. T. C. Theoharides [1] *
1: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine
2: Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
3: Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
*Correspondence to T. C. Theoharides, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111

Reference 24:

Brain, Vol. 124, No. 6, 1114-1124, June 2001
© 2001 Oxford University Press
Distribution of a calcium channel subunit in dystrophic axons in multiple sclerosis
and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Barbara Kornek [1], Maria K. Storch [1,4], Jan Bauer [1], Atbin Djamshidian [2], Robert Weissert [5], Erik Wallstroem [5], Andreas Stefferl [1,6], Fritz Zimprich [2], Tomas Olsson [5], Christopher Linington [6], Manfred Schmidbauer [3] and Hans Lassmann [1]
1: Department of Neuroimmunology, Brain Research Institute and
2: Department of Neurology, University of Vienna,
3: Department of Neurology, Hospital Lainz, Vienna,
4: Department of Neurology, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria,
5: Neuroimmunology Unit, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden and
6: Department of Neuroimmunology, Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
Correspondence to: Professor Dr Hans Lassmann, Division of Neuroimmunology, Brain Research Institute, University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090 Vienna, Austria E-mail: hans. lassmann{at}univie. ac. at

Reference 25:

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
September 1999, Volume 104, Number 5527
The distinction blurs between an autoimmune versus microbial hypothesis in multiple sclerosis
David A. Hafler
Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Institutes of Medicine, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur,
Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. E-mail: hafler@cnd. bwh. harvard. edu.
Pages: 599–610.

Reference 26:

The Neuroimmunology of Multiple Sclerosis:
Possible Roles of T and B Lymphocytes in Immunopathogenesis
Journal of Clinical Immunology
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
ISSN: 0271-9142 (Print) 1573-2592 (Online)
Issue: Volume 21, Number 2, March, 2001
DOI: 10. 1023/A:1011064007686
Pages: 81-92
The Neuroimmunology of Multiple Sclerosis: Possible Roles of T and B Lymphocytes in Immunopathogenesis
Kevin C. O’connor1, Amit Bar-Or1 and David A. Hafler [1]
1: Harvard Medical School, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Center for Neurologic Diseases,
Brigham and Women”s Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115

Reference 27:

Vol. 59 No. 10, October 2002
Diffuse Axonal and Tissue Injury in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
With Low Cerebral Lesion Load and No Disability
Nicola De Stefano, MD; Sridar Narayanan, MSc; Simon J. Francis, BSc; Steve Smith, DPhil; Marzia Mortilla, MD; M. Carmela Tartaglia, BSc; Maria L. Bartolozzi, MD; Leonello Guidi, MD; Antonio Federico, MD; Douglas L. Arnold, MD
Arch Neurol. 2002;59:1565-1571.

Reference 28:

Apoliprotein E and multiple sclerosis: impact of the epsilon-4 allele on susceptibility,
clinical type and progression rate
Multiple Sclerosis, Vol. 6, No. 4, 226-230 (2000)
Peter Hùgh; Department of Neurology, The Neuroscience Center,
University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Anette Oturai; Department of Neurology, The Neuroscience Center,
University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Karen Schreiber; Department of Neurology, The Neuroscience Center,
University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Morten Blinkenberg; Department of Neurology, The Neuroscience Center,
University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Ole Steen Jùrgensen; Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Pharmacology,
University of Copenhagen and The Neuroscience Center,
University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Lars Ryder; Department of Clinical Immunology, The Center for Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Olaf B Paulson; Department of Clinical Immunology, The Center for Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Per Soelberg Sùrensen; Department of Clinical Immunology, The Center for Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Gitte Moos Knudsen; Department of Clinical Immunology, The Center for Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
DOI: 10. 1177/135245850000600403
© 2000 SAGE Publications

Reference 29:

Brain Res. 2001 Jan 5;888(1):117-127
Acute stress increases permeability of the blood-brain-barrier
through activation of brain mast cells.
Esposito P, Gheorghe D, Kandere K, Pang X, Connolly R, Jacobson S, Theoharides TC.
Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics,
Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.

Reference 30:

Lancet Neurol. 2003 Sep;2(9):563-6.
New and emerging treatment options for multiple sclerosis.
Polman CH, Uitdehaag BM.
Department of Neurology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands. ch. polman@vumc. nl

Reference 31:

Different antiganglioside antibody pattern between relapsing remitting
and progressive multiple sclerosis.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 93(2-3):99-103, February/March 1996.
Acarin, N. ; Rio, J. ; Fernandez, A. L. ; Tintore, M. ; Duran, I. ; Galan, I. ; Montalban, X.

Reference 32:

Autoimmune diseases in families of French patients with multiple sclerosis.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 101(1):36-40, January 2000.
Heinzlef, O. ; Alamowitch, S. ; Sazdovitch, V. ; Chillet, P. ; Joutel, A. ; Tournier-Lasserve, E. ; Roullet, E.
(C) 2000 Munksgaard International Publishers Ltd.

Reference 33:

Journal of Molecular Medicine
Publisher: Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
ISSN: 0946-2716 (Print) 1432-1440 (Online)
Issue: Volume 75, Number 3 / March, 1997
Category: Review
DOI: 10. 1007/s001090050103
Pages: 187-197
Authors: C. P. Genain1, Stephen L. Hauser [1]
1: Department of Neurology S 258, University of California, 505 Parnassus,
San Francisco, CA 94143-0435, USA

Reference 34:

nitric oxide synthetase is present in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with active multiple sclerosis and is associated with increases in cerebrospinal fluid protein nitrotyrosine and S-nitrosothiols and with changes in glutathione levels
Journal of Neuroscience Research
Volume 70, Issue 4 , Pages 580 – 587
Published Online: 26 Sep 2002
Copyright © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Vittorio Calabrese [1] *, Giovanni Scapagnini [1], Agrippino Ravagna [1], Rita Bella [2], Roberta Foresti [3], Timothy E. Bates [4], Anna-Maria Giuffrida Stella [1], Giovanni Pennisi [2]
1: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
2: Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
3: Vascular Biology Unit, Department of Surgical Research,
Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom
4: MRC Applied Neurosciences Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
* Correspondence to Vittorio Calabrese, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria No. 6, 95100 Catania, Italy

Reference 35:

Uric acid, a peroxynitrite scavenger, inhibits CNS inflammation, blood–CNS barrier permeability changes, and tissue damage in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.
D. C. Hooper, G. S. Scott, A. Zborek, T. Mikheeva, R. B. Kean, H. Koprowski And S. V. Spitsin
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Institute, and the Biotechnology Foundation Laboratories, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
Correspondence: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust St., Philadelphia, PA 19107-6799, USA. E-mail douglas. c. hooper@mail. tju. edu

Reference 36:

Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis; A critical reappraisal
C. M. Poser
Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215 Boston, MA, USA;
Neurological Unit, Beth Israel Hospital, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215 Boston, MA, USA
Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
Journal: Acta Neuropathologica
Publisher: Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
ISSN: 0001-6322 (Print) 1432-0533 (Online)
Issue: Volume 71, Numbers 1-2 / March, 1986
Category: Review Article
DOI: 10. 1007/BF00687954
Pages: 1-10

Reference 37:

Anti-phospholipid antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis and MS-like illnesses: MS or APS?
Lupus, Vol. 8, No. 2, 109-115 (1999)
DOI: 10. 1191/096120399678847461
© 1999 SAGE Publications
J W IJdo; Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine,
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
A M Conti-Kelly; P Greco; M Abedi; St Mary’s Hospital, Waterbury, Connecticut
M Amos; Dia Sorim, Inc., Stillwater, Minnesota
J M Provenzale; Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center,
Durham, North Carolina, USA
T P Greco; Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University
School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; St Mary’s Hospital, Waterbury, Connecticut

Reference 38:

Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in cerebrospinal
fluid differ in multiple sclerosis and Devic’s neuromyelitis optica
Brain, Vol. 124, No. 3, 493-498, March 2001
© 2001 Oxford University Press
Raul N. Mandler [1,2,*], John D. Dencoff [1], Fatma Midani [1], Corey C. Ford [1],
Waseem Ahmed [1], and Gary A. Rosenberg [1,2,3]
1: Departments of Neurology
2: Neuroscience and
3: Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center,
Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Correspondence to: Gary A. Rosenberg, MD, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87107 USA E-mail: grosenberg@salud. unm. edu

Reference 39:

Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
Volume 216, 21-27,
Copyright © 1997 by Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
Minireviews: Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis
CE Hayes, MT Cantorna and HF DeLuca
Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706, USA.

Reference 40:

J Clin Invest. 1994 July; 94(1): 146–154.
Myelin in multiple sclerosis is developmentally immature.
M A Moscarello, D D Wood, C Ackerley, and C Boulias
Division of Biochemistry Research, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Reference 41:

Amelioration of relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with
altered myelin basic protein peptides involves different cellular mechanisms
J Neuroimmunol. 1997 Apr;74(1-2):149-58.
Gaur A, Boehme SA, Chalmers D, Crowe PD, Pahuja A, Ling N, Brocke S, Steinman L, Conlon PJ.
Neurocrine Biosciences, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. amitabh-gaur@neurocrine. com

Reference 42:

Handbook of Multiple Sclerosis 4th edition
Edited by Stuart D. Cook,
P. K. Coyle
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine,
State University of New York at Stony Brook
Stony Brook, New York, USA
ISBN-13: 978-1-57444-827-6 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 1-57444-827-7
Published 2006
Shelfmark: HB3. 207. 4. 145
P223 – Multiple Sclerosis Biomarkers

Reference 43:

Principles of biochemistry
A. White, P Handler, E. L. Smith – 4th edition
Tokyo : McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1968
ISBN: 0070697582
Composition of Nervous Tissue

Reference 44:

Ann Neurol. 1996 Jul;40(1):18-24.
Acute multiple sclerosis (Marburg type) is associated with
developmentally immature myelin basic protein.
Wood DD, Bilbao JM, O’Connors P, Moscarello MA.
Division of Biochemistry, Research Institute,
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Reference 45:

Cell Immunol. 1988 Apr 1;112(2):364-70.
Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
by the oral administration of myelin basic protein.
Bitar DM, Whitacre CC.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,
Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus 43210.

Reference 46:

Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol 180, 2227-2237,
Copyright © 1994 by Rockefeller University Press
Reversal of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by a soluble peptide variant
of a myelin basic protein epitope: T cell receptor antagonism and reduction of interferon
gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha production
N Karin, DJ Mitchell, S Brocke, N Ling and L Steinman
Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences,
Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine,
Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5239.

Reference 47:

Science 27 November 1992:
Vol. 258. no. 5087, pp. 1491 – 1494
DOI: 10. 1126/science. 1279812
Science, Vol 258, Issue 5087, 1491-1494
Copyright © 1992 by American Association for the Advancement of Science
Amelioration of autoimmune encephalomyelitis by
myelin basic protein synthetic peptide-induced anergy
A Gaur, B Wiers, A Liu, J Rothbard, and CG Fathman
Stanford University School of Medicine,
Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, CA 94305.

Reference 48:

Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 May 14;192(3):1175-81.
Leukocyte gelatinase B cleavage releases encephalitogens from human myelin basic protein.
Proost P, Van Damme J, Opdenakker G.
Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Belgium.

Reference 49:

J Immunol. 1989 Feb 1;142(3):748-52.
Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
by oral administration of myelin basic protein. II.
Suppression of disease and in vitro immune responses is
mediated by antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes.
Lider O, Santos LM, Lee CS, Higgins PJ, Weiner HL.
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.

Reference 50:

Immunology Vol. 93, Issue 14, 7196-7201, July 9, 1996
Treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by feeding
myelin basic protein conjugated to cholera toxin B subunit (oral tolerance)
Jia-Bin Sun, Carola Rask, Tomas Olsson , Jan Holmgren, and Cecil Czerkinsky,
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,
University of Göteborg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, S-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden;
and Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Communicated by Sune Bergström, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,
March 18, 1996 (received for review December 4, 1995)

Reference 51:

Immunology Vol. 93, Issue 1, 388-391, January 9, 1996
Oral tolerance in myelin basic protein T cell receptor transgenic mice:
Suppression of autoimmune encephalomyelitis and dose-dependent induction of regulatory cells
(peripheral tolerance / transforming growth factor / interleukin 4 / anergy / suppression)
Youhai Chen*, Jun-ichi Inobe*, Vijay K. Kuchroo*, Jody L. Baron ,
Charles A. Janeway Jr. and Howard L. Weiner*,§
* Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT 06520
Communicated by David W. Talmage, University of Colorado, Denver, CO,
October 4, 1995 (received for review May 26, 1995)

Reference 52:

Science 29 November 1985:
Vol. 230. no. 4729, pp. 1043 – 1045
DOI: 10. 1126/science. 2414848
Science, Vol 230, Issue 4729, 1043-1045
Copyright © 1985 by American Association for the Advancement of Science
Amino acid homology between the encephalitogenic site of myelin basic protein and virus:
mechanism for autoimmunity
RS Fujinami and MB Oldstone

Reference 57:

Apoptotic cell death – Page 22
Color atlas of pathophysiology / Stefan Silbernagl, Florian Lang;
illustrations by Rüdiger Gay and Astried Rothenburger ; [translated by Gerald R. Graham].
ISBN 3131165510 (GTV)
ISBN 0-86577-866-3 (TNY)
Color plates and graphics by: Atelier
Gay + Rothenburger, Stuttgart, Germany
Translated by: Gerald R. Graham, B. A., M. D., Whaddon, UK
This book is an authorized translation of the German edition published and copyrighted 1998
By Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.
Title of the German edition: Taschenatlas der Pathophysiologie

Reference 58:

Autoimmune Disease – Page 66
Color atlas of pathophysiology / Stefan Silbernagl, Florian Lang;
illustrations by Rüdiger Gay and Astried Rothenburger; [translated by Gerald R. Graham].
ISBN 3131165510 (GTV)
ISBN 0-86577-866-3 (TNY)
Color plates and graphics by: Atelier
Gay + Rothenburger, Stuttgart, Germany
Translated by: Gerald R. Graham, B. A., M. D., Whaddon, UK
This book is an authorized translation of the German edition published and copyrighted 1998
By Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.
Title of the German edition: Taschenatlas der Pathophysiologie

Reference 59:

Autoimmune Diseases Result from the Generation of Immune Responses Against self antigens
Page 1386
Biochemistry 5th Edition
Jeremy M. Berg, John Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer
ISBN 0-7167-4955-6 (CH32–34 only)
ISBN 0-7167-3051-0 (CH1–34)
ISBN 0-7167-4684-0 (CH1–34, International edition)
ISBN 0-7167-4954-8 (CH1–31 only)
© 2002 by W. H. Freeman and Company; © 1975, 1981, 1988,
1995 by Lubert Stryer. All rights reserved.

Reference 60:

Neurochemistry – Page 1772
Biochemistry: The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells; Second Edition
David E. Metzler
ISBN: 9780124925403
Elsevier Academic Press Inc
Publish Date: 3/1/2001

Reference 61:

Organising the Immune Response – Page 1855
Biochemistry: The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells; Second Edition
David E. Metzler
ISBN: 9780124925403
Elsevier Academic Press Inc

Reference 62:

Disorders of the Immune System – Page 1865
Biochemistry: The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells
David E. Metzler
ISBN: 9780124925403
Publisher: Academic Press Inc
Publish Date: 3/1/2001
Edition Number: 2

Reference 63:

Dantrolene – Page 197
Manahan, Stanley E.
Toxicological chemistry and biochemistry – 3rd edition
Stanley E. Manahan
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-56670-618-1
© 2003 by CRC Press LLC
Lewis Publishers is an imprint of CRC Press LLC

Reference 64:

Neurology – Page 303
Clinical Vignettes for the USMLE Step 2 CK:
Pre-test Self-assessment and Review (PreTest Clinical Science)
Published by: McGraw-Hill Education – Europe Paperback 01 Aug 2006
ISBN13: 9780071464031
ISBN10: 0071464034

Reference 65:

Multiple Sclerosis – Page 214
Color Atlas of Neurology
Professor Reinhard Rohkamm, M. D.
Neurological Clinic; Nordwest-Krankenhaus Sanderbusch; Sande, Germany
ISBN 3-13-130931-8 (GTV)
ISBN 1-58890-191-2 (TNY)
This book is an authorized translation of the 2nd German edition published and copyrighted
2003 by Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.
Title of the German edition: Taschenatlas Neurologie
Original translator: Suzyon O’Neal Wandrey, Berlin, Germany
Translator/editor: Ethan Taub, M. D., Zürich, Switzerland

Reference 66:

Multiple Sclerosis – Page 216
Color Atlas of Neurology
Professor Reinhard Rohkamm, M. D.
Neurological Clinic; Nordwest-Krankenhaus Sanderbusch; Sande, Germany
ISBN 3-13-130931-8 (GTV)
ISBN 1-58890-191-2 (TNY)
This book is an authorized translation of the 2nd German edition published and copyrighted
2003 by Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.
Title of the German edition: Taschenatlas Neurologie
Original translator: Suzyon O’Neal Wandrey, Berlin, Germany
Translator/editor: Ethan Taub, M. D., Zürich, Switzerland

Reference 67:

Multiple Sclerosis – Page 218
Color Atlas of Neurology
Professor Reinhard Rohkamm, M. D.
Neurological Clinic; Nordwest-Krankenhaus Sanderbusch; Sande, Germany
ISBN 3-13-130931-8 (GTV)
ISBN 1-58890-191-2 (TNY)
This book is an authorized translation of the 2nd German edition published and copyrighted
2003 by Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.
Title of the German edition: Taschenatlas Neurologie
Original translator: Suzyon O’Neal Wandrey, Berlin, Germany
Translator/editor: Ethan Taub, M. D., Zürich, Switzerland

Reference 68:

Multiple Sclerosis – Page 220
Color Atlas of Neurology
Professor Reinhard Rohkamm, M. D.
Neurological Clinic; Nordwest-Krankenhaus Sanderbusch; Sande, Germany
ISBN 3-13-130931-8 (GTV)
ISBN 1-58890-191-2 (TNY)
This book is an authorized translation of the 2nd German edition published and copyrighted
2003 by Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.
Title of the German edition: Taschenatlas Neurologie
Original translator: Suzyon O’Neal Wandrey, Berlin, Germany
Translator/editor: Ethan Taub, M. D., Zürich, Switzerland

Reference 69:

Neuromuscular and Sensory Systems; Demyelination – Page 302
Color atlas of pathophysiology
Stefan Silbernagl, Florian Lang;
illustrations by Rüdiger Gay and Astried Rothenburger ;
[translated by Gerald R. Graham]. p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 3131165510 (GTV) –
ISBN 0-86577-866-3 (TNY)
Translated by: Gerald R. Graham, B. A., M. D., Whaddon, UK
This book is an authorized translation of the German edition published and copyrighted 1998 by
Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.
Title of the German edition:
Taschenatlas der Pathophysiologie

Reference 70:

Neuromuscular and Sensory Systems; Lesions of the Cerebellum – Page 316
Color atlas of pathophysiology
Stefan Silbernagl, Florian Lang;
illustrations by Rüdiger Gay and Astried Rothenburger ;
[translated by Gerald R. Graham]. p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 3131165510 (GTV) –
ISBN 0-86577-866-3 (TNY)
Translated by: Gerald R. Graham, B. A., M. D., Whaddon, UK
This book is an authorized translation of the German edition published and copyrighted 1998 by
Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.
Title of the German edition:
Taschenatlas der Pathophysiologie

Reference 71:

Antiviral Drugs – Page 284
Color atlas of pharmacology
Heinz Lullmann et al.
color plates by Jurgen Wirth. — 2nd ed., rev. and expanded.
Rev. and expanded translation of: Taschenatlas der Pharmakologie. 3rd ed. 1996.
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
ISBN 3-13-781702-1 (GTV). —
ISBN 0-86577-843-4 (TNY)
Illustrated by Jürgen Wirth, Darmstadt, Germany
This book is an authorized revised and expanded translation of the 3rd German edition published and copyrighted 1996 by Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.
Title of the German edition: Taschenatlas der Pharmakologie

Reference 72:

Women’s Health – Page 681
Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology
Editor in Chief: Charles Spielberger
Publisher: Academic Press; 1 edition (August 2004)
ISBN-10: 0126574103
ISBN-13: 978-0126574104

Reference 73:

Multiple Sclerosis – Page 568
Ferri’s Clinical Advisor: Instant Diagnosis and Treatment
2004 Edition
ISBN: 0-323-02668-0
ISBN: 0-323-02669-9 (Package)
Publisher: Thomas H. Moore
Copyright © 2004, Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Previous editions copyrighted 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003

Reference 74:

Demyelinating Diseases – Page 992
Ferri’s Clinical Advisor: Instant Diagnosis and Treatment
2004 Edition
ISBN: 0-323-02668-0
ISBN: 0-323-02669-9 (Package)
Publisher: Thomas H. Moore
Copyright © 2004, Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Previous editions copyrighted 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003

Reference 75:

Lymphocytes – Page 1381
Ferri’s Clinical Advisor: Instant Diagnosis and Treatment
2004 Edition
ISBN: 0-323-02668-0
ISBN: 0-323-02669-9 (Package)
Publisher: Thomas H. Moore
Copyright © 2004, Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Previous editions copyrighted 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003

Reference 76:

Echinacea – Page 666
The Gale Encyclopedia Of Alternative Medicine – 2nd Edition
Jacqueline L. Longe, Project Editor
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7876-7424-9 (set hardcover : alk. paper)

Reference 77:

MRI In Multiple Sclerosis – Page 8
From Neuroscience To Neurology; Neuroscience, Molecular Medicine,
and the Therapeutic Transformation of Neurology
Edited by Stephen Waxman, Md, Phd, Yale University
Copyright © 2005, Elsevier Inc., except for Chapters 1, 16, and 28, which are in the Public Domain.
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 0-12-738903-2

Reference 78:

Slowing The Progress of Multiple Sclerosis – Page 61
From Neuroscience To Neurology; Neuroscience, Molecular Medicine,
and the Therapeutic Transformation of Neurology
Edited by Stephen Waxman, Md, Phd, Yale University
Copyright © 2005, Elsevier Inc., except for Chapters 1, 16, and 28, which are in the Public Domain.
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 0-12-738903-2

Reference 79:

Neuroscience, Molecular Medicine, and New Approaches to the
Treatment of Depression and Anxiety – Page 194
From Neuroscience To Neurology; Neuroscience, Molecular Medicine,
and the Therapeutic Transformation of Neurology
Edited by Stephen Waxman, Md, Phd, Yale University
Copyright © 2005, Elsevier Inc., except for Chapters 1, 16, and 28, which are in the Public Domain.
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 0-12-738903-2

Reference 80:

Neuroscience, Molecular Medicine, and New Approaches to the
Treatment of Depression and Anxiety – Page 200
From Neuroscience To Neurology; Neuroscience, Molecular Medicine,
and the Therapeutic Transformation of Neurology
Edited by Stephen Waxman, Md, Phd, Yale University
Copyright © 2005, Elsevier Inc., except for Chapters 1, 16, and 28, which are in the Public Domain.
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 0-12-738903-2

Reference 81:

Transcriptional Channelopathies of the Nervous System – Page 325
From Neuroscience To Neurology; Neuroscience, Molecular Medicine,
and the Therapeutic Transformation of Neurology
Edited by Stephen Waxman, Md, Phd, Yale University
Copyright © 2005, Elsevier Inc., except for Chapters 1, 16, and 28, which are in the Public Domain.
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 0-12-738903-2

Reference 82:

Endogenous Stem Cells and CNS Repair – Page 398
From Neuroscience To Neurology; Neuroscience, Molecular Medicine,
and the Therapeutic Transformation of Neurology
Edited by Stephen Waxman, Md, Phd, Yale University
Copyright © 2005, Elsevier Inc., except for Chapters 1, 16, and 28, which are in the Public Domain.
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 0-12-738903-2

Reference 83:

Preventing Axonal Loss – Page 413
From Neuroscience To Neurology; Neuroscience, Molecular Medicine,
and the Therapeutic Transformation of Neurology
Edited by Stephen Waxman, Md, Phd, Yale University
Copyright © 2005, Elsevier Inc., except for Chapters 1, 16, and 28, which are in the Public Domain.
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 0-12-738903-2

Reference 84:

Promoting the Regeneration of Axons within the Central Nervous System – Page 433
From Neuroscience To Neurology; Neuroscience, Molecular Medicine,
and the Therapeutic Transformation of Neurology
Edited by Stephen Waxman, Md, Phd, Yale University
Copyright © 2005, Elsevier Inc., except for Chapters 1, 16, and 28, which are in the Public Domain.
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 0-12-738903-2

Reference 85:

Structural and Functional Images as Surrogate Markers of Disease Progression – Page 484
From Neuroscience To Neurology; Neuroscience, Molecular Medicine,
and the Therapeutic Transformation of Neurology
Edited by Stephen Waxman, Md, Phd, Yale University
Copyright © 2005, Elsevier Inc., except for Chapters 1, 16, and 28, which are in the Public Domain.
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 0-12-738903-2

Reference 86:

Vitamin B12 Deficiency – Page 2108
The Gale Encyclopedia Of Alternative Medicine – 2nd Edition
Jacqueline L. Longe, Project Editor
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7876-7424-9 (set hardcover : alk. paper)

Reference 87:

Linoleic Acid Page – 1221
The Gale Encyclopedia Of Alternative Medicine – 2nd Edition
Jacqueline L. Longe, Project Editor
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7876-7424-9 (set hardcover : alk. paper)

Reference 88:

Cerebrospinal fluid lactate and glutamine are reduced in multiple sclerosis
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 95(1):9-12, January 1997.
Aasly, J. ; Garseth, M. ; Sonnewald, U. ; Zwart, J. -A. ; White,L. R. ; Unsgard, G.
(C) 1997 Munksgaard International Publishers Ltd.

Reference 89:

Concluding Remarks – Page 318
Inorganic Biochemistry of Iron Metabolism:
From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Consequences. 2e
Robert Crichton
Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
ISBNs: 0-471-49223-X (Hardback); 0-470-84579-1 (Electronic)

Reference 90:

Interferons – Page 2162
Gale encyclopedia of science
K. Lee Lerner & Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, editors.
3rd edition: Includes index.
ISBN: 0-7876-7776-0 (set)

Reference 91:

The Nervous System – Page 2734
Gale encyclopedia of science
K. Lee Lerner & Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, editors.
3rd edition: Includes index.
ISBN: 0-7876-7776-0 (set)

Reference 92

Tissue Metabolism – Page 900
Marks’ Basic Medical Biochemistry: A Clinical Approach
by Colleen Smith, Allan Marks, Michael A Lieberman
Second Edition edition (August 1, 2004)
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;
ISBN-10: 0781721458
ISBN-13: 978-0781721455

Reference 93

Antiviral Screening Assays for Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7 – Page 129
Antiviral Methods and Protocols Series: Methods in Molecular Medicine , Vol. 24
Kinchington, Derek; Schinazi, Raymond F. (Eds. )
2000, 420 p. 30 illus., Hardcover
ISBN: 978-0-89603-561-4

Reference 94

Chapter 26; Lipids – Page 1084
Organic Chemistry, Fourth Edition
by Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Prentice Hall; 4 edition (May 1, 2003)
ISBN-10: 0131407481
ISBN-13: 978-0131407480

Reference 95

Multiple Sclerosis – Page 1233
Clinical Medicine 6th Edition
Author Kumar/Clark
(courtesy Elsevier)
SKU SKU166
ISBN Number 0702027634

Reference 96

Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, Revised Second Edition (Paperback)
by Michael Murray (Author), Joseph Pizzorno
Michael T. Murray, N. D.
Joseph E. Pizzorno, N. D.
ISBN – 316 64678 4

Reference 97

Molecular biology of multiple sclerosis
Edited by W. C. Russell.
John Wiley & Sons (13 Jan 1997)
ISBN-10: 0471969664
ISBN-13: 978-0471969662

Reference 98

Diabetes Care, Vol 20, Issue 2 194-197,
Copyright © 1997 by American Diabetes Association
Total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter in NIDDM patients
A Ceriello, N Bortolotti, E Falleti, C Taboga, L Tonutti, A Crescentini,
E Motz, S Lizzio, A Russo and E Bartoli
Department of Medicine and Pathology, Clinical and Experimental,
University of Udine, Italy.

Reference 99

International Symposium on Glutamine:
Metabolism, Enzymology and Regulation
1979 Queretaro
Edited by Jaime Mora and Rafael Palacios
Copyright 1980 by Academic Press Inc, New York
ISBN: 0-12-506040-8
Page 1; Catalytic Mechanism of Glutamine Synthetase;
Overview of glutamine metabolism
By Alton Meister
Department of Biochemistry
Cornell University Medical College
1300 York Avenue
New York, New York 10021 USA

Reference 100

Principles of Human Nutrition
Second Edition
Martin Eastwood
Copyright 2003 Blackwell Science Ltd
ISBN: 0-632-05811-0
Page 560

Reference 101

International Symposium on Glutamine:
Metabolism, Enzymology and Regulation
1979 Queretaro
Edited by Jaime Mora and Rafael Palacios
Copyrigh 1980 by Academic Press Inc, New York
ISBN: 0-12-506040-8
Page 285 Glutamine Metabolism in Brain
Ricardo Tapia
Departamento de Nerociencias
Centro de Investigaciones en Fisiologia Celular
Univesidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
Mexico, D. F.
Reference 102
Amino Acids in Health and Disease States
Second Edition
Edited by J. P. F. D’Mello
Copyright CAB International 2003
ISBN -085199-654-x
Page 93

Reference 103

International symposium on Glutamine:
Metabolism, Enzymology and Regulation
1979 Queretaro
Edited by Jaime Mora and Rafael Palacios
Copyright 1980 by Academic Press Inc, New York
ISBN: 0-12-50-60-40-8
Page 235
Herbert G. Windmueller
Laboratory of Nutrition and Endocrinology
National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive Diseases
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (USA) 20205

Reference 104

International Symposium on Glutamine:
Metabolism, Enzymology and Regulation
1979 Queretaro
Edited by Jaime Mora and Rafael Palacios
Copyright 1980 by Academic Press Inc, New York
ISBN: 0-12-50-60-40-8
Page 319
Special Lecture: Glutamine Metabolism in the Animal Body
Hans Krebs
Metabolic Research Laboratory
University of Oxford
Radcliffe Infirmary, Woodstock Road
Oxford, U. K.

Reference 105

Ammonia
Elling Kvamme and Sven Irar Walaas
Elseviers’ Encyclopedia of Neuroscience Vol 1: A-L; 2nd enlarged and Revised edition
Edited by George Adelman and Barry H. Smith
Copyright 1999 Elsevier science B. B. All rights reserved
ISBN: 0-444-81612-7
Page 65

Reference 106

Martindale – The Complete Drug Reference
Thirty third edition
Edited by Sean C Sweetman, BPharm; MRPharms
Copyright Pharmaceutical Press 2002
ISBN 0-853669 499 0
Page 1365 – Glutamic acid

Reference 107

The New Encyclopedia Britannica
Volume 5 15th edition
Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.
Jacob. E. Safra, Chairman of the Board
Ilan Yeshua, Chief Executive Officer
Chicago London/New Delhi/Paris/Seoul/Sydney/Taipei/Tokyo
Library of Congress Control Number: 2001089897
International Standard Book Number: 0-85-229-787-4
Micropedia: Ready Reference Book 5 Freon – Holderlin
Page 311

Reference 108

Wiley Encyclopedia of Molecular Medicine
Volume 2
Copyright 2002 by John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York
ISBN: 0-471-37498-9
Glutamine Synthetase P1462
Lily Vardimon
Tel Aviv University
Tel Aviv, Israel

Reference 109

Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry; twenty-sixth edition
Robert K. Murray, MD, PhD, Daryl K. Granner, MD,
Peter A. Mayes, PhD, DSc,Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill
Medical Publishing Division
Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, Twenty-Sixth Edition
Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Previous editions copyright © 2000, 1996, 1993, 1990 by Appleton & Lange;
copyright © 1988 by Lange Medical Publications.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC/DOC 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
ISBN 0-07-138901-6
ISSN 1043-9811
ISBN-0-07-121766-5 (International Edition)
Page 290

Reference 110

Endogenous Glutathione Conjugates: Occurrence and Biological Functions
Wei Wang and Nazzareno Ballatoria
Department of Environmental Medicine,
University of Rochester School of Medicine,
Rochester, New York
Pharmacological Reviews Vol. 50, No. 3
Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
This paper is available online at http://www. pharmrev. org

Reference 111

Biochemistry Stryer 5th Edition
by Lubert Stryer (Author), Jeremy M. Berg (Author), John L. Tymoczko (Author)
Publisher: W. H. Freeman & Co Ltd; 5th Revised edition edition (22 Mar 2002)
ISBN-10: 0716746840
ISBN-13: 978-0716746843
Pages 97, 193, 196, 220, 227

Reference 112

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
Fourth Edition
David L. Nelson (U. of Wisconsin–Madison)
Michael M. Cox (U. of Wisconsin–Madison)
Palgrave Macmillan; 4th Revised edition (2 Jan 2008)
ISBN-10: 0716743396
ISBN-13: 978-0716743392
Pages 273, 279, 873, 875, 512

Reference 113

Reference 114

Reference 115

Reference 116

Reference 117

Reference 118

Reference 119

Reference 120

The Journal Of Biological Chemistry
Vol. 276, No. 45, Issue Of November 9, Pp. 41527–41542, 2001
© 2001 By The American Society For Biochemistry And Molecular Biology, Inc.
The Journal Of Biological Chemistry Centennial 1905–2005
100 Years Of Biochemistry And Molecular Biology
Reflections On Glycobiology
Published, Jbc Papers In Press, September 11, 2001, Doi 10. 1074/Jbc. R100053200
Saul Roseman
From The Department Of Biology And The Mccollum-Pratt Institute,
The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218

Reference 121

E. A. Newsholme
A. R. Leech
Biochemistry For The Medical Sciences
Reprinted January 1992
JohnWiley & Sons
Definition and function of Glycosaminoglycans
Page 596 Glycosaminoglycans

Reference 122

Oxford Dictionary Of Biochemistry And Molecular Biology
Revised Edition 2000
Managing Editor Dr A D Smith University College London
General Editors: Professor S P Datta University College London
Dr G H Smith University College London
Professor P N Campbell (Chairman) University College London
Dr R Bentley University of Pittsburgh
Dr H A McKenzie Australian Defence Force Ac.
© The General Editors, 1997
Oxford University Press Inc., New York
ISBN 0 19 850673 2
Page 265; Glucosamine

Reference 123

J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2000 Apr;16(2):121-35.
Glutathione: a vital lens antioxidant.
Giblin FJ.
Eye Research Institute, Oakland University,
Rochester, Michigan 48309-4401, USA
giblin@oakland. edu

Reference 124

Journal of Neurochemistry
Volume 51 Issue 4, Pages 1041 – 1045
Published Online: 5 Oct 2006
Journal compilation © 2008 International Society for Neurochemistry
Induction of Rat Brain Tubulin Following Ammonium Ingestion
Vicente Felipo, Maria-Dolores Miñana, Inmaculada Azorín, Santiago Grisolía
Instituto de Investigaciones Citológicas de la Caja de Ahorros de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Address correspondence and reprint requests to:
Dr. S. Grisolía at Instituto de Investigaciones Citológicas, Amadeo de Saboya 4,46010 Valencia, Spain.
Copyright 1988 International Society for Neurochemistry Ltd.

Reference 125

Glutamate Excitotoxicity Is Involved in Cell Death Caused by
Tributyltin in Cultured Rat Cortical Neurons
Toxicological Sciences 89(1), 235–242 (2006)
Yusuke Nakatsu,* Yaichiro Kotake,*,†,1 Kazuya Komasaka,* Hiroko Hakozaki,
* Ryota Taguchi,‡ Toshiaki Kume,‡ Akinori Akaike,‡ and Shigeru Ohta*
*Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1–2–3,
Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan;
†Center for Quantum Life Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1–2–3, Kasumi,
Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan;
‡Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46–29,
Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan

Reference 126

Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry; twenty-sixth edition
Robert K. Murray, MD, PhD, Daryl K. Granner, MD,
Peter A. Mayes, PhD, DSc,Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill
Medical Publishing Division
Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, Twenty-Sixth Edition
Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC/DOC 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
ISBN 0-07-138901-6; ISSN 1043-9811; ISBN-0-07-121766-5 (International Edition)
Pages 110, 116

Reference 127

Glutamate excitotoxicity in a model of multiple sclerosis
Nature Medicine 6, 67 – 70 (2000)
doi:10. 1038/71555
David Pitt2, 5, Peter Werner1, 3, 5 & Cedric S. Raine1, 2, 4
1 Department of Neurology, F-121N, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,
1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
2 Department of Pathology, F-121N, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,
1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
3 Dept. of Neurology, Beth Israel Medical Center, 10 Union Square East,
New York, New York 10003, USA
4 Department of Neuroscience, F-121N, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,
1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
5 D. P and P. W. contributed equally to this study.
Correspondence should be addressed to Peter Werner pwerner@aecom. yu. edu.

Reference 128

Color Atlas of Physiology;
5th edition completely revised and expanded
Professor Agamemnon Despopoulos, M. D. Formerly: Ciba Geigy,Basel;
Professor Stefan Silbernagl, M. D., Head of Department, Institute of Physiology,
University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
186 color plates by Ruediger Gay and Astried Rothenburger
An authorized translation of the 5th German edition published and copyrighted
2001 by Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.
Taschenatlas der Physiologie Translated by Suzyon O’Neal Wandrey,
Illustrated by Atelier Gay + Rothenburger, Sternenfels, Germany
©1981, 2003 Georg Thieme Verlag Rüdigerstraße 14, D-70469 Stuttgart, Germany
http://www. thieme. de Thieme New York, 333 Seventh Avenue,
New York, N. Y. 10001, U. S. A.
ISBN 3-13-545005-8 (GTV)
ISBN 1-58890-061-4 (TNY)
Page 176

Reference 129

Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry, Four-Volume Set by
William J. Lennarz, M. Daniel Lane, Paul Modrich, and Jack Dixon
(Hardcover – 24 Nov 2004)
Academic Press (24 Nov 2004)
ISBN-10: 0124437109
ISBN-13: 978-0124437104
Page 106

Reference 130

Biochemistry: The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells;
Second Edition
by David E. Metzler
Elsevier Academic Press
ISBN-10: 0124925405
ISBN-13: 978-0124925403
Pages 775, 1369, 1376

Reference 131

Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry; twenty-sixth edition
Robert K. Murray, MD, PhD, Daryl K. Granner, MD,
Peter A. Mayes, PhD, DSc,Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill
Medical Publishing Division
Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, Twenty-Sixth Edition
Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISBN 0-07-138901-6; ISSN 1043-9811; ISBN-0-07-121766-5 (International Edition)
Pages 237, 244

Reference 132

Reference 133

Mark’s Basic Medical Biochemistry: A Clinical Approach
by Colleen M. Smith, Allan Marks, Michael Lieberman
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2nd Revised edition edition (1 Aug 2004)
ISBN-10: 0781721458
ISBN-13: 978-0781721455
Page 700

Reference 134

Reference 135

Biochemistry: The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells;
Second Edition
by David E. Metzler
Elsevier Academic Press
ISBN-10: 0124925405
ISBN-13: 978-0124925403
Pages 763, 958, 1785, 1795, 1804, 1811

Reference 136

Glutathione as an Antioxidant: Toxicological Aspects
Ishikawa T, Sies H (1989) Glutathione as an antioxidant: toxicological
aspects. In” Dolphin D, Poulson R, Avramovic E (eds)
Glutathione” chemical, biochemical and medical aspects. Vol II.
Wiley, New York. pp 85-110

Reference 137

Glutathione in the Nervous System
Christopher A. Shaw
Departments of Ophthalmology and Physiology and Neuroscience Program,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z3
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